The ground mostly refers to the paving layer inside and around the building, as well as the paving layer (floor) on the surface of the floor. Ground can be divided into three categories according to construction methods: integral casting ground, slab ground, and roll ground. Let's follow Lan'er to take a look at the measures to make up for the regrets in the construction of the floor slab.

Question 1: How to prevent uneven joints and gaps in the surface layer of the board

When using granite, terrazzo, marble, floor tiles and other panel materials as floor decoration materials, uneven joints and gaps at the joints of adjacent panels after tiling are common quality problems in panel surface layer tiling. The main reasons for this quality issue are as follows:

(l) The thickness of the plates themselves varies, the geometric dimensions are inaccurate, and there are defects such as warping and skewing. The selection before laying is not strict, resulting in uneven joints and gaps after laying.

(2) When laying the surface layer of the board, it is not necessary to use a level ruler to level it, and the board joints cannot be pulled with long lines, which can easily make the board joints uneven and the gaps uneven.

(3) After the surface layer of the board is laid, the finished product is not well protected. During the maintenance period, if people walk or use it in the morning, the board joints are also prone to unevenness.

To prevent this quality issue, the following measures should be taken during construction:

(1) Strengthen the quality inspection of materials entering the site, and remove boards with inaccurate geometric dimensions, warping, skewness, excessive thickness deviation, cracks, missing corners, and other defects.

(2) Before tiling, the interior of the room should be centered on all four sides, and a cross line should be drawn on the ground. After laying the segmented standard blocks, they should be laid in sequence from the middle to both sides and in the backward direction. They should be leveled with a level and ruler at any time, and the gaps must be drawn with a straight line without deviation. The segmented dimensions should be arranged and fixed in advance to avoid the adverse consequences of not being able to lay the last piece or having too large gaps.

Question 2: How to prevent floor hollowing of the plate

When carrying out home decoration and renovation, after laying terrazzo, marble and other tiles, tapping them with a small hammer will create a drumming sound. In severe cases, some tiles may become loose when people move around. The main reasons for this quality issue are:

(1) The surface of the base layer is not cleaned thoroughly or the watering is not enough to wet it. The cement slurry bonding layer is not evenly coated or the coating time is too long, which causes the cement slurry to harden and fail to bond, resulting in hollowing of the surface layer and the base layer together.

(2) Before laying the surface layer of the board, if the floating ash on the back is not brushed clean and soaked in water, and the dry board is directly laid during construction, the moisture in the cement mortar will be quickly absorbed by the board, causing the mortar to dehydrate and affecting its setting and hardening, reducing the strength of the mortar, and affecting the bonding between the mortar and the base layer, and between the mortar and the board.

(3) The laying mortar should be dry and hard mortar. If too much water is added or the mortar is not compacted and leveled, it can easily cause hollowing of the floor slab.

In order to prevent hollowing of the floor slab, the following points should be achieved during construction:

(l) The surface of the base layer must be cleaned and moistened with water to ensure that there is no standing water, in order to ensure good bonding between the cushion layer and the base layer. The surface of the base layer should be evenly coated with pure cement slurry, and the cement mortar bonding layer should be laid as it is brushed.

(2) Before laying the surface layer of the slab, the floating ash and debris on the back of the slab should be cleaned first, and then soaked in water to wet it. It is better to lay it when the slab reaches surface dryness saturation.

(3) The bonding layer is made of dry and hard cement mortar, with a commonly used mix ratio of 1:2-1:3 (cement: sand). The cement used is ordinary Portland cement of no less than 325 grade, and the sand should be medium coarse sand with a mud content of no more than 3%. Organic impurities should be sieved out, and the cement mortar viscosity should be between 2-4cm. The thickness of the dry and hard cement mortar should be well controlled (usually 2.5-3.0cm). During the trial laying of the tiles, after aligning the tiles vertically and horizontally in the laying position, gently tap the middle of the tiles with a leather hammer (or wooden hammer) to compact the mortar and hammer it to the laying height. After the trial laying of the blocks is qualified, lift the stones and check whether the mortar bonding layer is flat and dense. Add mortar, pour a layer of pure cement slurry with a water cement ratio of about 0.5, and then lay the original board. Drop all four corners at the same time, tap lightly with a small leather hammer, and level with a level ruler.

(4) After laying the panels, the seams of the panels should be filled the next day. Before grouting, the ground should be cleaned and loose mortar in the joint should be removed. Grouting should be carried out in several times, using a scraper to scrape the mortar into the joint, and then using the same color cement slurry to wipe the joint until it is filled with cement slurry. Then use a soft cloth to clean the mortar that drips onto the board, and do a good job of curing and protection. No one is allowed to walk or use it during the maintenance period.

Question 3: How to prevent the grid strip of cast-in-place terrazzo floor from being exposed unclearly

Some residents use terrazzo flooring when decorating their homes. After completion, they often find that the dividing strips are not clearly visible, like a pure cement strip. The main reasons for this phenomenon are:

(1) The thickness of the surface layer cement stone slurry is too high, making it difficult to grind out the dividing strips.

(2) After the surface layer cement stone slurry is laid, if the grinding stone is not timely, the strength of the surface layer cement stone will be too high, making it difficult to grind out the dividing strips.

To prevent this phenomenon from occurring, it is necessary to:

(1) Control the thickness of the surface layer cement stone slurry laying, and the virtual laying thickness should generally be 5mm higher than the dividing strip. After rolling back and compacting with a roller, the score bar is about 1mm higher.

(2) The grinding time of terrazzo should be well controlled, usually starting when the strength of the terrazzo surface layer reaches about 10%. The strength is too low, the polishing time is too early, and it is easy for stones to fall off during polishing.

Question 4: How to prevent the bending and deformation of the dividing strip on the cast-in-place terrazzo floor

After the terrazzo floor is ground, due to improper construction, the dividing strips of the floor will bend and deform, affecting the aesthetics of the floor. The main reasons for this phenomenon are:

To solve this quality problem, it is necessary to achieve the following during construction:

(1) The thickness of the surface layer cement stone slurry should be controlled to be about 5mm higher than the grid strip.

(2) Before rolling with a roller, use a trowel or wooden trowel to gently press the dividing strip within a range of about 1Ocm on both sides, and use a trowel to slightly tilt inward along the dividing strip to press out a small eight character to prevent the dividing strip from being crushed during the roller rolling process.

(3) During the rolling process, use a broom to remove any stones stuck to the drum or dividing strip at any time to prevent stones from damaging the dividing strip due to the presence of stones between the drum and dividing strip.

(4) The dividing strip should be firmly pasted. Before laying the cement stone slurry surface layer, carefully inspect it. If the dividing strips are not firmly attached, loose or bent, they should be replaced or re buried in a timely manner.

(l) The thickness of the surface layer cement stone slurry is not sufficient, and when rolling back and forth with a roller, it is directly rolled on the dividing strip, causing deformation or crushing of the dividing strip.

(2) During the rolling process of the drum, sometimes stones stick to the drum or the dividing strips, which can easily cause the dividing strips to bend, deform or crush during rolling.

(3) The dividing strip is not firmly pasted, and during the back and forth rolling process of the roller, the dividing strip is crushed due to the mutual squeezing of stones.

Question 5: How to prevent the uneven and wavy surface of plastic flooring after installation

Some residents use plastic flooring when decorating their living rooms. After laying it, they find that the surface flatness is poor and visually appears wavy. The main reason for this phenomenon is that the following points were not paid attention to during construction:

(1) The surface flatness of the grassroots is poor, with uneven unevenness.

(2) When the operator applies and scrapes the adhesive, their gestures are light and heavy, causing the adhesive to have a noticeable wavy shape.

When pasting plastic flooring, the diluent in the adhesive has evaporated, resulting in poor colloidal fluidity and difficulty in smoothing, causing the surface layer to form a wavy shape. To prevent this quality issue, it is necessary to:

(1) Strictly control the surface flatness of the adhesive base layer, and smooth the surface with a roughness greater than ± 2mm.

(2) Use a toothed scraper to apply adhesive, making the thickness of the adhesive layer thin and uniform. When scraping, the direction of scraping on the surface of the base layer and the plastic board should intersect vertically and horizontally, so that the adhesive layer of the surface layer is evenly distributed when laying.

(3) The construction temperature should be controlled between 15-30 degrees Celsius, and the relative humidity should not exceed 70%.